Melanoma is a form of cancer that develops from the pigment producing cells of the skin.
If untreated it can spread through the body with serious consequences.

In many parts of the world melanoma is becoming more common. However, it is still unusual to have more than one case of melanoma in a single family. When more than one person in a family has a melanoma, there might be something ‘running in the family’. That ‘something’ could mean other family members are more likely to get a melanoma than people outside the family.

The following information is for people who suspect that their family carries an increased risk of melanoma. It is also for people who have been told that they have such an increased risk.

Words in bold are defined in the Glossary at the bottom of this page.

There is a detailed CD-Rom/DVD called “Melanoma – Dealing with the diagnosis”. This was produced by Professor Newton Bishop, and colleagues from St James’s University Hospital in Leeds and from Bradford Royal Infirmary. The presentation contains text about melanoma, its diagnosis and treatment.

The information in this booklet is about dealing with melanoma, and is intended for patients who have recently been diagnosed with melanoma, and their families. This booklet contains written information, illustrations and photographs.

To download and view the PDF online version please click here.

Associated
When two things are associated they are connected or joined in some way. It may be that one thing causes the other but they could be linked in some other way. For instance, if both things were caused by a separate, third thing.

Clinical geneticist
A doctor concerned with the care of people with genetic conditions.

Dermatologist
A specialist ‘skin’ doctor.

Freckle
A small brown patch on the skin that becomes darker following exposure to sunlight. Freckles can vary from light brown to dark brown, and are often found on the cheeks and across the bridge of the nose.

Genes
Genes are pieces of genetic ‘code’: they are the instructions or recipes that our bodies use for growth and repair.

GenoMEL
The Melanoma Genetics Consortium: an international, collaborative organisation researching the genetics of melanoma.

High-risk genes
Particular genes can make us more susceptible to diseases. If we have changes in them called mutations, and if the mutation significantly increase the risk of a disease (as compared to someone who does not have a mutation in the gene), it is called a high-risk gene.

IU
International Units

Melanoma
Melanoma is a form of cancer that develops from the pigment producing cells of the skin. If untreated it can spread through the body and is potentially fatal.

Microgram
A microgram (mcg) is a millionth of a gram.

Mutations
Mutations are changes or faults in our genes. Sometimes mutations can increase our chances of developing a disease.

Nervous system tumours
The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and other structures that control our bodies. A tumour is an abnormal growth, which can be cancerous (having the potential to spread around the body) or benign (the growth remains in a single spot but may continue to grow in size).

Pancreas
The pancreas is a gland that lies behind the stomach. It produces digestive juices and controls blood sugar levels.

Risk
We are using the word risk to mean the chances of something happening. For example, if something is more likely to happen to John than to Peter then John is at greater risk than Peter.

SPF
Sun Protection Factor

UVA
UVA is a form of ultraviolet radiation. It is sometimes called long wave UV or black light.

Uveal melanoma
Uveal melanoma is a melanoma that occurs either in the coloured part of the eye (the iris) or other tissues nearby. It is a rare type of cancer.

UV Index
The UV index is a measurement of how much ultraviolet radiation is reaching a particular place at a given time. UV index forecasts are sometimes given as part of weather reports.

Page updated: 03/12/09